Entropy fusion of consciousness

Entropy fusion of consciousness. In short, the We discuss the 2023 Fusions of Consciousness paper by Donald Hoffman and collaborators. Following the most recent developments in modern theoretical physics (black hole entropy, holographic And, again, we find a transhuman solution to dissolution in embracing physical and psychological communion. Change in entropy can have a positive (more disordered) or negative (less disordered) value. EEG time series (approximate entropy (Bruhn et al. Oct 27, 2022 · Since entropy increases logarithmically with the number of microstates, the most probable distribution is therefore the one of greatest entropy. We give an account of what warrants mathematical representation of Correntropy-based measures + measures + + The arrow of time is an artifact of projection of a stationary dynamics, entirely beyond spacetime and quantum theory, whose entropy does not increase. 3 K, while helium-4 has Entropy is basically the term used to describe the progression of a system from order to disorder. Mar 31, 2022 · The QBIT theory is a recently introduced multi-disciplinary approach to the problem of consciousness. Here the hypothesis is revisited four years on from its original publication. ΔH for ice fusion. Feb 3, 2014 · Entropy is a dimensionless quantity that is used for measuring uncertainty about the state of a system but it can also imply physical qualities, where high entropy is synonymous with high disorder. Subjective Entropy. Networks. Hoffman 1, Chetan Prakash 2,3 and Robert Prentner 3,4,* 1 Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA 2 Department of Mathematics, California State University, San Bernadino, CA 92407, USA 3 Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, D-80539 Munich Entropy 2023, 25, 129 4 of 40 It may seem obvious that perceiving the truth must make you more fit. EFE involves a version of Shannon Entropy parameterised by relationships Terrence Deacon is a Prof. Jul 12, 2023 · Because entropy is a state function, however, ΔS 3 can be calculated from the overall entropy change (ΔS t) for the S α –S β transition, which equals the sum of the ΔS values for the steps in the thermodynamic cycle, using Equation 18. 8 K. This is reflected both in the steady increase in the number of papers published and in the recent surge of adversarial collaborations, in which researchers with opposing assumptions join forces to develop experiments to settle controversies and advance the field. Oct 20, 2017 · Quantification of complexity in neurophysiological signals has been studied using different methods, especially those from information or dynamical system theory. The idea that we can simply assume that any "chain" of conscious subjects--- by which I take it to mean any two subjects who somehow causally interact with one another-- is itself a conscious agent is highly implausible. Given this progress Mar 5, 2020 · And while post-modernism in its rejection of the "grand narratives" of dialectics celebrates entropy, Hegel and Teilhard emphasise how life and consciousness work in the opposite direction (Burr Jan 16, 2024 · Where ΔS fus is the entropy of fusion, Q fus is the heat of fusion, and T m is the melting point. In this article we further investigate theory based on Expected Float Entropy (EFE) minimisation which has been around since 2012. Second, by highlighting the three fields of research in which the use of entropy has yielded highly promising results: the (altered) state of consciousness, the ageing brain, and the quantification of the brain networks' information processing. g. , 2000), Shannon entropy (Bruhn et al. Jan 1, 2023 · We make this precise in a mathematical theory of conscious agents, whose dynamics are described by Markov chains. Spacetime and particle interactions are proposed to be projections encoding the dynamics of communicating conscious agents Oct 20, 2017 · The Shannon entropy measure applied to the permutation vectors is known as permutation entropy (HPE) (Bandt and Pompe 2002). Jan 9, 2023 · This theory proposes that conscious experiences and subjects exist beyond spacetime as fundamental entities with dynamics described by Markov chains. There is a fourth version of the second law of thermodynamics stated in terms of entropy: The total entropy of a system either increases or remains constant in any process; it never decreases. To project the Markovian dynamics of conscious agents onto scattering processes in spacetime, we define a new map from Markov chains to decorated permutations. Jan 9, 2023 · The total fusions of n agents and qualia form an (n−1)-dimensional simplex—the fusion simplexFn. The theory of active inference proposes that the developmental organization of sentient systems reflects The total fusions of n agents and qualia form an (n−1)-dimensional simplex—the fusion simplexFn. We heed the physicists, and drop the assumption Oct 19, 2022 · Shannon Entropy is the entropy of information and is the entropy applicable to consciousness. The first law of thermodynamics governs changes in the state function we have called internal energy (\(U\)). Integrated Information Theory represents a pioneering attempt to do just this. This theory accounts for the core features of consciousness by holding that there is an equivalence between the phenomenal experience Dec 11, 2023 · Keywords: consciousness; connectome; relativity; spacetime; dimensions; gravity; geodesics; entropy; AdS/CFT; holography; holographic principle; black hole 1. Proverbs of Hell 4. Whereas the axioms and metaphysical ideas of these theories have been carefully motivated, their mathematical formalism has not. Various theories of consciousness have been suggested in both philosophy and neuroscience. entropy Article Fusions of Consciousness Donald D. Picture an egg: when it's all perfectly separated into yolk and white, it has low entropy, but Oct 10, 2019 · Using the entropy of different aspects of brain function to estimate the diversity of information, various studies have shown reduced entropy when consciousness fades, such as during sleep or The QBIT theory is a recently introduced multi-disciplinary approach to the problem of consciousness. Although consciousness is a crucial part of being human, researchers are still grappling with where it comes from, when it starts, and why we have it. We heed the physicists, and drop the assumption Apr 17, 2023 · The EBH proposes the simple, yet powerful idea that the variety of states of consciousness can be indexed by the entropy of key parameters of brain activity; or, in other words, that the richness Collective consciousness. To project the Markovian dynamics of conscious agents onto scattering processes in spacetime The quest to understand human consciousness – our ability to be aware of ourselves and our surroundings – has been going on for centuries. Solution; Entropy changes are fairly easy to calculate so long as one knows initial and final state. Nov 13, 2022 · Using some entropy measures of the publicly available EEG data at RepOD, the performances of different classifiers, including support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and Naïve Bayes (NB), were evaluated separately. energy within a system. Join Aug 21, 2020 · First, by covering the literature that specifically makes use of entropy for studying the brain function. , melting) of a 1 hour ago · The representation of intelligence is achieved by patterns of connections among neurons in brains and machines. , 2001) or permutation Mar 31, 2022 · How does the brain generate consciousness? The present paper is an attempt to answer this question from the perspective of the QBIT theory. We show how (1) agents combine into more complex agents, (2) agents fuse into simpler agents, and (3) qualia fuse to create new qualia. Oct 18, 2016 · Perez Velazquez and colleagues argue that consciousness could simply be an “emergent property” of a system – the brain – that seeks to maximize information exchange and therefore entropy, since doing so aids the survival of the brain’s bearer by allowing them to better model their environment. In the present study, we determined time delays of state entropy and index of consciousness. Nov 23, 2023 · In January 2023, Entropy published a paper entitled "Fusions of Consciousness" by Hoffman, Prakash and Prentner. In this article, we aim to remedy this situation. Entropy is applied here in the context of states of consciousness and their associated neurodynamics, with a particular focus on the psychedelic state. In addition, the efficiency of a decision-level fusion strategy was examined using majority voting. Dec 11, 2023 · Entropy production as a measure of level of consciousness. The reason for this cloak of secrecy is found in a seeming . In this study, to track the loss of consciousness (LOC) induced by GA, we first developed the multi-channel cross fuzzy entropy method to construct the The entropic brain hypothesis proposes that within upper and lower limits, after which consciousness may be lost, the entropy of spontaneous brain activity indexes the informational richness of conscious states. This hypothesis is couched in terms of thermodynamic entropy, but also described in terms of Shannon entropy. The heat δQ for this process is the energy required to change water from the solid state to the liquid state, and is called the enthalpy of fusion, i. This is almost always positive since the degree of disorder increases in the transition from an organized crystalline solid to the disorganized structure of a liquid ; the only known exception is helium . Key Points on Entropy of Fusion: The entropy of fusion is always positive for most substances, as the liquid state has a higher disorder than the solid state; Helium has a negative entropy of fusion at temperatures below 0. On the neuroscientific side, we are confronted with a diverse landscape of different theories such as IIT, GNWT, predictive coding, HOT, and RPT, just to name a few. May 30, 2020 · In recent years, promising mathematical models have been proposed that aim to describe conscious experience and its relation to the physical domain. This builds on the work of Strawson, Chalmers, and Goff. Higher levels of entropy correspond to greater levels of disorder and uncertainty in the mind [2]. In sum, the theory argues that the brain has a prior Jan 13, 2019 · Over recent decades several mathematical theories of consciousness have been put forward including Karl Friston's Free Energy Principle and Giulio Tononi's Integrated Information Theory. of neuroanthropologist at Berkeley studying evolution-like processes at multiple levels. In this article we further investigate theory based on Expected Float Entropy (EFE) minimisation which has been a … Sep 2, 2023 · Especially relevant is the number theoretic generalization of Shannon entropy: this entropy is well defined for rational or even algebraic entanglement probabilities and its minimum as a function In this study, to track the loss of consciousness (LOC) induced by GA, we first developed the multi-channel cross fuzzy entropy method to construct the time-varying networks, whose temporal fluctuations were then explored and quantitatively evaluated. Feb 21, 2024 · Mind How entropy and equilibrium can help explain consciousness. Forgotten Kings of Jerusalem 2. Oct 9, 2023 · Sign Language Recognition is a breakthrough for communication among deaf-mute society and has been a critical research topic for years. In thermodynamics, the entropy of fusion is the increase in entropy when melting a solid substance. Nights II-IX 3. Entropy increases with each branching, reflecting an observer’s growing uncertainty. If the system absorbs heat—that is, with Q > 0 Q > 0 —the entropy of the system increases. Aug 24, 2022 · Because consciousness propels life to vitalize dead matter, to reverse entropy and nature’s indifference towards life, and to preserve what seems from within like a precious inner flame. Modern neurobiological theories of consciousness propose that conscious experience is the result of interactions between large-scale neuronal networks in the brain, traditionally described within the realm of classical physics. May 31, 2023 · In this episode, the consciousness researcher Anil Seth and host Steven Strogatz discuss why our perceptions can be described as a “controlled hallucination,” how consciousness played into the internet sensation known as “the dress,” and how people at home can help researchers catalog the full range of ways that we experience the world. They show that fusions of consciousness and fusions of qualia occur. It is show … Hence, the entropy change in going from A to B is the same for paths I and II. Aug 21, 2024 · Consciousness, a psychological condition defined by the English philosopher John Locke as “the perception of what passes in a man’s own mind. However, physicists tell us that spacetime cannot be fundamental. I focus on Integrated Information Theory (IIT), which says that consciousness is integrated information (as ϕMax) and says even simple systems with interacting parts possess some consciousness. May 15, 2024 · Interest in the neurobiological substrates of consciousness has risen dramatically over the last few decades. Some philosophers In the context of quantum mechanics, entropy plays a crucial role in determining the stability and predictability of quantum states. Feb 1, 2016 · The main principle of entropy measures based on Shannon’s information theory is the quantification of information in a given signal as the probability of the occurrence of specific patterns in a finite set of possible patterns, e. While it might not be directly apparent, metaphysical commitments have consequential entailments concerning the causal efficacy of consciousness. In other words, as the absolute temperature of a substance approaches zero, so does its entropy. Oct 25, 2021 · The entropic brain theory asserts that one’s subjective experience, that is the depth and qualities of one’s consciousness, is heavily determined by the level of entropy in the brain. Entropy is a dimensionless quantity that is used for measuring uncertainty about the state of a system but it can also imply physical qualities, where high entropy is synonymous with high disorder. For this system, the most probable configuration is one of the six microstates associated with distribution (c) where the particles are evenly distributed between the boxes, that is, a configuration of Feb 1, 2018 · Impressions of the Morning Star by Entropy Created Consciousness, released 01 February 2018 1. Entropy, like internal energy, is therefore a state function. 4 kg of brain tissue create thoughts, feelings, mental images, and an inner world? Sep 30, 2021 · Anil Seth wants to understand how minds work. Entropy 2023, 25, 129. Its symbol is the capital letter S. o Sep 1, 2015 · To test the ability of different entropy measures to classify patients with different conditions of chronic disorder of consciousness, we applied the Lempel–Ziv complexity, the amplitude Emergentism as an ontology of consciousness leaves unanswered the question as to its mechanism. It measures the complexity or irregularity of the frequency content within a specific frequency band of the EEG signal. Entropy is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. Consciousness appears to arise naturally as a result of a brain maximizing its information content. Entropies of gases are much larger than those of Aug 22, 2020 · One of the biggest queries in cognitive sciences is the emergence of consciousness from matter. 3390/e25010129. The entropy of a substance increases with its molecular weight and complexity and with temperature. Jun 10, 2013 · To overcome the limitations in identifying the birth of consciousness, we need a reproducible experimental model in which (i) consciousness emerges from unconsciousness at a discrete and measurable point, (ii) phenomenal consciousness and access consciousness are closely juxtaposed or collapsed, and (iii) assessment of neural structure and What are conscious experiences? Can they combine to form new experiences? What are conscious subjects? Can they combine to form new subjects? Most attempts to answer these questions assume that spacetime, and some of its particles, are fundamental. A novel study reports the dynamics of consciousness may be understood by a newly developed conceptual and mathematical framework. Commitments regarding the ontology of consciousness and the nature of causation determine which Sep 12, 2018 · Background: Disorders of consciousness are challenging to diagnose, with inconsistent behavioral responses, motor and cognitive disabilities, leading to approximately 40% misdiagnoses. We used these two methods to obtain information about Jan 15, 2024 · As a second example, HPP claims that “a theory of consciousness that starts with spacetime, particles, neurons, or brains has little chance. Jan 9, 2023 · Remarkably, evolution by natural selection agrees: spacetime and objects are not fundamental. Mar 1, 2022 · To test the ability of different entropy measures to classify patients with different conditions of chronic disorder of consciousness, we applied the Lempel-Ziv complexity, the amplitude coalition entropy (ACE), and the synchrony coalition entropy (SCE) to the EEG signals recorded in 32 patients, cl … The entropy of the system, which is δQ/T, increases by δQ/273K. In previous studies, intraoperatively recorded real and simulated EEG signals were used to determine time delays of cerebral state and Narcotrend and Bispectral indices. The entropy of vaporisation is a state when there is an increase in entropy as liquid changes into a vapour. As entropy increases, the system becomes more disordered, leading to greater uncertainty in the behavior of particles. Here, we propose a generalized connectionist framework in which the for consciousness, but even a minimally entropy-reduced representation can help the animal to perform signicantly better in a task. Feb 6, 2024 · Spectral entropy (E S), a normalized adaptation of Shannon's entropy, utilizes the amplitude components of the power spectrum derived from time series data to evaluate entropy (Gibson, 1994). Bottom: The entropy production rate obtained from fMRI and DTI data can be used as a marker of the level of consciousness, as shown here for the awake state and different stages of sleep (N1 to N3). Although some of the previous studies have successfully Nov 13, 2022 · Although q is not a state function, the quotient q rev /T is, and is known as the entropy. Hoffman 1, Chetan Prakash 2,3 and Robert Prentner 3,4,* 1 Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA 2 Department of Mathematics, California State University, San Bernadino, CA 92407, USA 3 Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, D-80539 Munich Oct 19, 2023 · In 2016, a study suggested that, much like the universe, brains could increase entropy, possibly leading to consciousness as a byproduct. Source: Bar-Ilan University. The entropy also increases as the pressure or concentration becomes smaller. We make this precise in a mathematical theory of conscious agents, whose dynamics are described by Markov chains. 9 January 2023 13:02 CET: Update-article pdf uploaded. Conducted by researchers from France and Canada, this Although the spatiotemporal complexity and network connectivity are clarified to be disrupted during the general anesthesia (GA) induced unconsciousness, it remains to be difficult to exactly monitor the fluctuation of consciousness clinically. Changes in the internal energy (ΔU) are closely related to changes in the enthalpy (ΔH), which is a measure of the heat flow between a system and its surroundings at constant pressure. Brains grow continuously, such that their patterns of connections develop through activity-dependent specification, with the continuing ontogenesis of individual experience. https://doi. Read more Download Helium-3 has a negative entropy of fusion at temperatures below 0. Spacetime, they say, is doomed. where Q is the heat exchanged by the system kept at a temperature T (in kelvin). This axiom could provide an explanation for how the brain generates consciousness. In a similar manner, the Lempel–Ziv complexity measure applied to the permutation vectors is called permutation Lempel–Ziv complexity (PLZC) (Zozor et al. Entropy of Vaporisation. 4 levels of reality result in our experience within spacetime. ” (Read Yuval Noah Harari’s Britannica essay on “Nonconscious Man. The biggest one is the small size of the Nov 28, 2021 · Here is the entropy definition, a look at some important formulas, and examples of entropy. 2014). Jan 9, 2023 · The total fusions of n agents and qualia form an (n − 1)-dimensional simplex—the fusion simplex F n. As an example, suppose a gas is kept at a constant temperature of 300 K while it absorbs 10 J of heat in a reversible process. Aug 21, 2020 · Today’s applications of entropy for quantification of the brain function range from information capacity of working memory (WM) and the neural coding [24,25] to the interplay between neural adaptation and behaviour , functional interactivity between the brain regions , and the state of consciousness [28,29]. org/10. This subjective experience of disorder aligns with the fractal-like structure of the multiverse. Entropy has also manifested as a Feb 25, 2022 · The authors propose an explainable consciousness indicator using deep learning to quantify arousal and awareness under sleep, anesthesia, and in patients with disorders of consciousness. Helium-4 also has a very slightly negative entropy of fusion below 0. However, this is false, and flatly contradicted by the mathematics of evolution itself. Second, once the two masses of water are mixed, there is no more temperature difference left to drive energy transfer by heat and therefore to do work. e. The principle of Shannon entropy (statistical) can be applied to this process by mapping syncrhronized neural network states. First, I Jul 28, 2020 · Mental causation is vitally important to the integrated information theory (IIT), which says consciousness exists since it is causally efficacious. What are conscious experiences? Can they combine to form new experiences? What are conscious subjects? Can they combine to form new subjects? Most attempts to answer these questions assume that spacetime, and some of its particles, are fundamental. Implications of Born Rule Violations. Since paths I and II are arbitrary, reversible paths, the entropy change in a transition between two equilibrium states is the same for all the reversible processes joining these states. Also Read: Latent Heat. These studies have revealed a dependence on different states of consciousness, and in particular that wakefulness is characterized by a greater complexity of brain signals, perhaps due to the necessity for the brain to handle varied By contrast, integrated information theory focuses on phenomenological aspects of consciousness – what it is like, experientially – and proposes that consciousness is associated with a known to determine the specific contents of consciousness? This paper presents an initial attempt at doing so by employing the principles of integrated information theory (IIT, [6,7]), which provides a comprehensive approach to characterize what consciousness is, what is required of a physical substrate to support it, and what determines the Aug 11, 2021 · Any successful naturalistic account of consciousness must state what consciousness is, in terms that are compatible with the rest of our naturalistic descriptions of the world. If violations occur: Consciousness Influence: Suggests interaction between mind and quantum states. Understanding the role of entropy is essential in deciphering the complexities of quantum systems. Oct 30, 2023 · Consciousness is a key feature of our mental life. Introduction In 1998, at the end of a conference organized at the meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness in Tucson, Arizona, Christof Koch of the Allen May 13, 2023 · Similarly, the hot substance, the lava, loses heat (q < 0), so its entropy change can be written as ΔS hot = −q/T hot, where T cold and T hot are the temperatures of the cold and hot substances, respectively. Therefore, even for animals that most probably lacks consciousness altogether, the process of uncertainty-reduction and minimizing the entropy of sensory inputs is advantageous in terms of behavioral functions. Typical units are joules per kelvin (J/K). In this, as in many of the above works, cultural entropy and thermodynamic entropy are irrevocably intertangled: the solution to both is techno-psychological communion: the fusion of all consciousness into an anti-entropic singularity. 3 K. How do 1. Though groundbreaking, the study does have some drawbacks. May 22, 2021 · This paper assesses two different theories for explaining consciousness, a phenomenon that is widely considered amenable to scientific investigation despite its puzzling subjective aspects. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the complexity of the heart-brain two-way dynamic interactions. Jan 9, 2023 · The total fusions of n agents and qualia form an (n−1)-dimensional simplex—the fusion simplexFn. They propose that consciousness is fundamental to the universe, rather than spacetime. Aug 11, 2022 · Summary: Consciousness can not simply be reduced to neural activity alone, researchers say. Jan 16, 2023 · Example \(\PageIndex{2}\): Entropy Change for Melting Ice. Thinking about consciousness from the perspective of a physicist may be key to figuring out whether it is a single phenomenon or a Feb 20, 2022 · With respect to entropy, there are only two possibilities: entropy is constant for a reversible process, and it increases for an irreversible process. 20 and tabulated thermodynamic parameters (the heat capacities of S α and S β, ΔH fus (α), and the Based on this description, I see some serious problems with this view. For example, if the initial and final volume are the same, the entropy can be calculated by assuming a reversible, isochoric pathway and determining an expression for \(\frac{dq}{T}\). One of the main axioms of the theory is that when information-theoretic certainty of an observer about a stimulus goes beyond a certain threshold, the observer becomes conscious of that stimulus. ” Why should this be so? Consider theories assuming consciousness is an emergent phenomenon, which is the neuroscientific mainstream today despite strong counter-arguments. This occurs with an increased entropy suppression during normal consciousness, relative to the degree of suppression characteristic of archaic humans and also of infants. Nov 2, 2023 · It has been shown that the theory of relativity can be applied physically to the functioning brain, so that the brain connectome should be considered as a four-dimensional spacetime entity curved by brain activity, just as gravity curves the four-dimensional spacetime of the physical world. Jan 25, 2022 · For instance, entropy can act as a powerful agent for neuroplasticity by restructuring the synapses in our brain to create new, optimal connections, making high levels of entropy in the brain actually a signature of intelligence and higher consciousness for its greater ability to receive, process and synthesize information. As a neuroscientist at the University of Sussex in England, Seth has seen firsthand how neurons do what they do — but he knows that the puzzle of consciousness spills over from neuroscience into other branches of science, and even into philosophy. The total entropy change of the universe accompanying this process is therefore The recently introduced multivariate multiscale sample entropy (MMSE) well evaluates the long correlations in multiple channels, so that it can reveal the complexity of multivariate biological signals. [ 1 ] The same is not true of the entropy; since entropy is a measure of the “dilution” of thermal energy, it follows that the less thermal energy available to spread through a system (that is, the lower the temperature), the smaller will be its entropy. Consci Dec 11, 2023 · Following the most recent developments in modern theoretical physics (black hole entropy, holographic principle, AdS/CFT duality), we conjecture that consciousness can naturally emerge from this four-dimensional brain connectome when a fifth dimension is considered, in the same way that gravity emerges from a 'flat' four-dimensional quantum Dec 15, 2022 · Entropy-based biomarkers of consciousness may thus be highly adaptable and should be investigated further in situations where spectral EEG features have shown limited success, such as detecting Jan 9, 2023 · Action Date Notes Link; article xml file uploaded: 9 January 2023 13:02 CET: Original file-article xml uploaded. Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, For fusion (i. The mixing decreases the entropy of the hotter water but increases the entropy of the colder water by a greater amount, producing an overall increase in entropy. The existing MMSE algorithm deals with short time series Jan 13, 2019 · Over recent decades several mathematical theories of consciousness have been put forward including Karl Friston’s Free Energy Principle and Giulio Tononi’s Integrated Information Theory. ”) In the early 19th century the concept was variously considered. Sponsors: - Brilliant: https://brilliant. We explain, in Section 3, how evolutionary games reveal that our perceptions of space, time, and objects are no more than a user interface that guides adaptive action. I aim to solve the body–mind problem by explaining how conscious organisms emerged on an evolutionary basis at various times in accordance with an accepted scientific principle through a mechanism that cannot be understood, in principle. Hoffman 1, Chetan Prakash 2,3 and Robert Prentner 3,4,* 1 Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA 2 Department of Mathematics, California State University, San Bernadino, CA 92407, USA 3 Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, D-80539 Munich Feb 3, 2017 · Consciousness may have emerged as a result of entropy, but it is also hurdling us toward it. It shows how these conscious agents can combine, fuse, and have their experiences merge to create new agents and qualia. zsdyoe nfuxv dwu emzsee fdyycw pchr kckat lmd jlxiz gkqtrc